[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":3878},["ShallowReactive",2],{"content-\u002F05-web\u002F01-http":3},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":3864,"difficulty":3865,"extension":3866,"meta":3867,"module":3868,"navigation":131,"next":3869,"order":49,"path":3870,"prev":3871,"seo":3872,"slug":237,"stem":3873,"tags":3874,"__hash__":3877},"content\u002F05-web\u002F01-http\u002Findex.md","Пакет http в Go",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":3841},"minimark",[9,14,25,28,33,36,95,108,318,323,330,491,493,497,503,592,596,603,797,800,802,806,810,1085,1089,1231,1248,1252,1255,1711,1713,1717,1727,1758,1762,2059,2063,2291,2295,2484,2488,2712,2714,2718,2723,3188,3190,3194,3197,3602,3604,3608,3619,3695,3703,3705,3709,3726,3745,3757,3765,3777,3796,3812,3828,3830,3837],[10,11,13],"h1",{"id":12},"пакет-nethttp-в-go","Пакет net\u002Fhttp в Go",[15,16,17,21,22,24],"p",{},[18,19,20],"code",{},"net\u002Fhttp"," — один из лучших примеров того, как стандартная библиотека Go закрывает большинство потребностей без внешних зависимостей. На нём построены тысячи production-сервисов, а популярные фреймворки вроде Gin и Echo — это просто тонкие обёртки поверх него. Понять ",[18,23,20],{}," изнутри значит понять как работает любой Go веб-фреймворк.",[26,27],"hr",{},[29,30,32],"h2",{"id":31},"как-устроен-http-сервер-в-go","Как устроен HTTP-сервер в Go",[15,34,35],{},"В основе всего один интерфейс:",[37,38,43],"pre",{"className":39,"code":40,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"language-go shiki shiki-themes github-dark","type Handler interface {\n    ServeHTTP(ResponseWriter, *Request)\n}\n","go","",[18,44,45,65,89],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,47,50,54,58,61],"span",{"class":48,"line":49},"line",1,[46,51,53],{"class":52},"snl16","type",[46,55,57],{"class":56},"svObZ"," Handler",[46,59,60],{"class":52}," interface",[46,62,64],{"class":63},"s95oV"," {\n",[46,66,68,71,74,77,80,83,86],{"class":48,"line":67},2,[46,69,70],{"class":56},"    ServeHTTP",[46,72,73],{"class":63},"(",[46,75,76],{"class":56},"ResponseWriter",[46,78,79],{"class":63},", ",[46,81,82],{"class":52},"*",[46,84,85],{"class":56},"Request",[46,87,88],{"class":63},")\n",[46,90,92],{"class":48,"line":91},3,[46,93,94],{"class":63},"}\n",[15,96,97,98,100,101,104,105,107],{},"Весь ",[18,99,20],{}," построен вокруг этого интерфейса. Любой тип, реализующий ",[18,102,103],{},"ServeHTTP"," — это HTTP-обработчик. Сервер принимает соединение, парсит запрос и вызывает ",[18,106,103],{}," нужного обработчика.",[37,109,111],{"className":39,"code":110,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u002F\u002F Минимальный рабочий сервер\npackage main\n\nimport (\n    \"fmt\"\n    \"net\u002Fhttp\"\n)\n\ntype HelloHandler struct{}\n\nfunc (h HelloHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {\n    fmt.Fprintln(w, \"Hello, World!\")\n}\n\nfunc main() {\n    handler := HelloHandler{}\n    http.ListenAndServe(\":8080\", handler)\n}\n",[18,112,113,119,127,133,142,155,164,169,174,188,193,245,262,267,272,283,296,313],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,114,115],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,116,118],{"class":117},"sAwPA","\u002F\u002F Минимальный рабочий сервер\n",[46,120,121,124],{"class":48,"line":67},[46,122,123],{"class":52},"package",[46,125,126],{"class":56}," main\n",[46,128,129],{"class":48,"line":91},[46,130,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},true,"\n",[46,134,136,139],{"class":48,"line":135},4,[46,137,138],{"class":52},"import",[46,140,141],{"class":63}," (\n",[46,143,145,149,152],{"class":48,"line":144},5,[46,146,148],{"class":147},"sU2Wk","    \"",[46,150,151],{"class":56},"fmt",[46,153,154],{"class":147},"\"\n",[46,156,158,160,162],{"class":48,"line":157},6,[46,159,148],{"class":147},[46,161,20],{"class":56},[46,163,154],{"class":147},[46,165,167],{"class":48,"line":166},7,[46,168,88],{"class":63},[46,170,172],{"class":48,"line":171},8,[46,173,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,175,177,179,182,185],{"class":48,"line":176},9,[46,178,53],{"class":52},[46,180,181],{"class":56}," HelloHandler",[46,183,184],{"class":52}," struct",[46,186,187],{"class":63},"{}\n",[46,189,191],{"class":48,"line":190},10,[46,192,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,194,196,199,202,206,209,212,214,216,219,222,225,227,229,232,235,238,240,242],{"class":48,"line":195},11,[46,197,198],{"class":52},"func",[46,200,201],{"class":63}," (",[46,203,205],{"class":204},"s9osk","h ",[46,207,208],{"class":56},"HelloHandler",[46,210,211],{"class":63},") ",[46,213,103],{"class":56},[46,215,73],{"class":63},[46,217,218],{"class":204},"w",[46,220,221],{"class":56}," http",[46,223,224],{"class":63},".",[46,226,76],{"class":56},[46,228,79],{"class":63},[46,230,231],{"class":204},"r",[46,233,234],{"class":52}," *",[46,236,237],{"class":56},"http",[46,239,224],{"class":63},[46,241,85],{"class":56},[46,243,244],{"class":63},") {\n",[46,246,248,251,254,257,260],{"class":48,"line":247},12,[46,249,250],{"class":63},"    fmt.",[46,252,253],{"class":56},"Fprintln",[46,255,256],{"class":63},"(w, ",[46,258,259],{"class":147},"\"Hello, World!\"",[46,261,88],{"class":63},[46,263,265],{"class":48,"line":264},13,[46,266,94],{"class":63},[46,268,270],{"class":48,"line":269},14,[46,271,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,273,275,277,280],{"class":48,"line":274},15,[46,276,198],{"class":52},[46,278,279],{"class":56}," main",[46,281,282],{"class":63},"() {\n",[46,284,286,289,292,294],{"class":48,"line":285},16,[46,287,288],{"class":63},"    handler ",[46,290,291],{"class":52},":=",[46,293,181],{"class":56},[46,295,187],{"class":63},[46,297,299,302,305,307,310],{"class":48,"line":298},17,[46,300,301],{"class":63},"    http.",[46,303,304],{"class":56},"ListenAndServe",[46,306,73],{"class":63},[46,308,309],{"class":147},"\":8080\"",[46,311,312],{"class":63},", handler)\n",[46,314,316],{"class":48,"line":315},18,[46,317,94],{"class":63},[319,320,322],"h3",{"id":321},"handlerfunc-функция-как-обработчик","HandlerFunc — функция как обработчик",[15,324,325,326,329],{},"Реализовывать интерфейс для каждого обработчика — многословно. ",[18,327,328],{},"http.HandlerFunc"," позволяет использовать функцию напрямую:",[37,331,333],{"className":39,"code":332,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u002F\u002F http.HandlerFunc — это просто тип-адаптер\ntype HandlerFunc func(ResponseWriter, *Request)\n\nfunc (f HandlerFunc) ServeHTTP(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) {\n    f(w, r)\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F Использование\nfunc helloHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {\n    fmt.Fprintln(w, \"Hello!\")\n}\n\nhttp.ListenAndServe(\":8080\", http.HandlerFunc(helloHandler))\n",[18,334,335,340,362,366,399,407,411,415,420,451,464,468,472],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,336,337],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,338,339],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F http.HandlerFunc — это просто тип-адаптер\n",[46,341,342,344,347,350,352,354,356,358,360],{"class":48,"line":67},[46,343,53],{"class":52},[46,345,346],{"class":56}," HandlerFunc",[46,348,349],{"class":52}," func",[46,351,73],{"class":63},[46,353,76],{"class":56},[46,355,79],{"class":63},[46,357,82],{"class":52},[46,359,85],{"class":56},[46,361,88],{"class":63},[46,363,364],{"class":48,"line":91},[46,365,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,367,368,370,372,375,378,380,382,384,386,389,391,393,395,397],{"class":48,"line":135},[46,369,198],{"class":52},[46,371,201],{"class":63},[46,373,374],{"class":204},"f ",[46,376,377],{"class":56},"HandlerFunc",[46,379,211],{"class":63},[46,381,103],{"class":56},[46,383,73],{"class":63},[46,385,218],{"class":204},[46,387,388],{"class":56}," ResponseWriter",[46,390,79],{"class":63},[46,392,231],{"class":204},[46,394,234],{"class":52},[46,396,85],{"class":56},[46,398,244],{"class":63},[46,400,401,404],{"class":48,"line":144},[46,402,403],{"class":56},"    f",[46,405,406],{"class":63},"(w, r)\n",[46,408,409],{"class":48,"line":157},[46,410,94],{"class":63},[46,412,413],{"class":48,"line":166},[46,414,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,416,417],{"class":48,"line":171},[46,418,419],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F Использование\n",[46,421,422,424,427,429,431,433,435,437,439,441,443,445,447,449],{"class":48,"line":176},[46,423,198],{"class":52},[46,425,426],{"class":56}," helloHandler",[46,428,73],{"class":63},[46,430,218],{"class":204},[46,432,221],{"class":56},[46,434,224],{"class":63},[46,436,76],{"class":56},[46,438,79],{"class":63},[46,440,231],{"class":204},[46,442,234],{"class":52},[46,444,237],{"class":56},[46,446,224],{"class":63},[46,448,85],{"class":56},[46,450,244],{"class":63},[46,452,453,455,457,459,462],{"class":48,"line":190},[46,454,250],{"class":63},[46,456,253],{"class":56},[46,458,256],{"class":63},[46,460,461],{"class":147},"\"Hello!\"",[46,463,88],{"class":63},[46,465,466],{"class":48,"line":195},[46,467,94],{"class":63},[46,469,470],{"class":48,"line":247},[46,471,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,473,474,477,479,481,483,486,488],{"class":48,"line":264},[46,475,476],{"class":63},"http.",[46,478,304],{"class":56},[46,480,73],{"class":63},[46,482,309],{"class":147},[46,484,485],{"class":63},", http.",[46,487,377],{"class":56},[46,489,490],{"class":63},"(helloHandler))\n",[26,492],{},[29,494,496],{"id":495},"servemux-маршрутизатор","ServeMux — маршрутизатор",[15,498,499,502],{},[18,500,501],{},"http.ServeMux"," — стандартный маршрутизатор. Сопоставляет URL-паттерны с обработчиками:",[37,504,506],{"className":39,"code":505,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"mux := http.NewServeMux()\n\nmux.HandleFunc(\"\u002F\", homeHandler)\nmux.HandleFunc(\"\u002Fusers\", usersHandler)\nmux.HandleFunc(\"\u002Fusers\u002F\", userHandler) \u002F\u002F trailing slash — ловит всё начинающееся с \u002Fusers\u002F\n\nhttp.ListenAndServe(\":8080\", mux)\n",[18,507,508,524,528,544,558,575,579],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,509,510,513,515,518,521],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,511,512],{"class":63},"mux ",[46,514,291],{"class":52},[46,516,517],{"class":63}," http.",[46,519,520],{"class":56},"NewServeMux",[46,522,523],{"class":63},"()\n",[46,525,526],{"class":48,"line":67},[46,527,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,529,530,533,536,538,541],{"class":48,"line":91},[46,531,532],{"class":63},"mux.",[46,534,535],{"class":56},"HandleFunc",[46,537,73],{"class":63},[46,539,540],{"class":147},"\"\u002F\"",[46,542,543],{"class":63},", homeHandler)\n",[46,545,546,548,550,552,555],{"class":48,"line":135},[46,547,532],{"class":63},[46,549,535],{"class":56},[46,551,73],{"class":63},[46,553,554],{"class":147},"\"\u002Fusers\"",[46,556,557],{"class":63},", usersHandler)\n",[46,559,560,562,564,566,569,572],{"class":48,"line":144},[46,561,532],{"class":63},[46,563,535],{"class":56},[46,565,73],{"class":63},[46,567,568],{"class":147},"\"\u002Fusers\u002F\"",[46,570,571],{"class":63},", userHandler) ",[46,573,574],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F trailing slash — ловит всё начинающееся с \u002Fusers\u002F\n",[46,576,577],{"class":48,"line":157},[46,578,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,580,581,583,585,587,589],{"class":48,"line":166},[46,582,476],{"class":63},[46,584,304],{"class":56},[46,586,73],{"class":63},[46,588,309],{"class":147},[46,590,591],{"class":63},", mux)\n",[319,593,595],{"id":594},"улучшенный-маршрутизатор-в-go-122","Улучшенный маршрутизатор в Go 1.22",[15,597,598,599,602],{},"До Go 1.22 стандартный ServeMux был ограничен — нельзя было указать HTTP-метод или path параметры (",[18,600,601],{},"\u002Fusers\u002F{id}","). Это главная причина популярности сторонних роутеров. В Go 1.22 маршрутизатор значительно улучшили:",[37,604,606],{"className":39,"code":605,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"mux := http.NewServeMux()\n\n\u002F\u002F Метод + путь\nmux.HandleFunc(\"GET \u002Fusers\", listUsers)\nmux.HandleFunc(\"POST \u002Fusers\", createUser)\n\n\u002F\u002F Path параметры через {name}\nmux.HandleFunc(\"GET \u002Fusers\u002F{id}\", getUser)\nmux.HandleFunc(\"PUT \u002Fusers\u002F{id}\", updateUser)\nmux.HandleFunc(\"DELETE \u002Fusers\u002F{id}\", deleteUser)\n\n\u002F\u002F Получение path параметра\nfunc getUser(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {\n    id := r.PathValue(\"id\") \u002F\u002F Go 1.22+\n    fmt.Fprintf(w, \"user id: %s\", id)\n}\n",[18,607,608,620,624,629,643,657,661,666,680,694,708,712,717,748,771,793],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,609,610,612,614,616,618],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,611,512],{"class":63},[46,613,291],{"class":52},[46,615,517],{"class":63},[46,617,520],{"class":56},[46,619,523],{"class":63},[46,621,622],{"class":48,"line":67},[46,623,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,625,626],{"class":48,"line":91},[46,627,628],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F Метод + путь\n",[46,630,631,633,635,637,640],{"class":48,"line":135},[46,632,532],{"class":63},[46,634,535],{"class":56},[46,636,73],{"class":63},[46,638,639],{"class":147},"\"GET \u002Fusers\"",[46,641,642],{"class":63},", listUsers)\n",[46,644,645,647,649,651,654],{"class":48,"line":144},[46,646,532],{"class":63},[46,648,535],{"class":56},[46,650,73],{"class":63},[46,652,653],{"class":147},"\"POST \u002Fusers\"",[46,655,656],{"class":63},", createUser)\n",[46,658,659],{"class":48,"line":157},[46,660,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,662,663],{"class":48,"line":166},[46,664,665],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F Path параметры через {name}\n",[46,667,668,670,672,674,677],{"class":48,"line":171},[46,669,532],{"class":63},[46,671,535],{"class":56},[46,673,73],{"class":63},[46,675,676],{"class":147},"\"GET \u002Fusers\u002F{id}\"",[46,678,679],{"class":63},", getUser)\n",[46,681,682,684,686,688,691],{"class":48,"line":176},[46,683,532],{"class":63},[46,685,535],{"class":56},[46,687,73],{"class":63},[46,689,690],{"class":147},"\"PUT \u002Fusers\u002F{id}\"",[46,692,693],{"class":63},", updateUser)\n",[46,695,696,698,700,702,705],{"class":48,"line":190},[46,697,532],{"class":63},[46,699,535],{"class":56},[46,701,73],{"class":63},[46,703,704],{"class":147},"\"DELETE \u002Fusers\u002F{id}\"",[46,706,707],{"class":63},", deleteUser)\n",[46,709,710],{"class":48,"line":195},[46,711,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,713,714],{"class":48,"line":247},[46,715,716],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F Получение path параметра\n",[46,718,719,721,724,726,728,730,732,734,736,738,740,742,744,746],{"class":48,"line":264},[46,720,198],{"class":52},[46,722,723],{"class":56}," getUser",[46,725,73],{"class":63},[46,727,218],{"class":204},[46,729,221],{"class":56},[46,731,224],{"class":63},[46,733,76],{"class":56},[46,735,79],{"class":63},[46,737,231],{"class":204},[46,739,234],{"class":52},[46,741,237],{"class":56},[46,743,224],{"class":63},[46,745,85],{"class":56},[46,747,244],{"class":63},[46,749,750,753,755,758,761,763,766,768],{"class":48,"line":269},[46,751,752],{"class":63},"    id ",[46,754,291],{"class":52},[46,756,757],{"class":63}," r.",[46,759,760],{"class":56},"PathValue",[46,762,73],{"class":63},[46,764,765],{"class":147},"\"id\"",[46,767,211],{"class":63},[46,769,770],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F Go 1.22+\n",[46,772,773,775,778,780,783,787,790],{"class":48,"line":274},[46,774,250],{"class":63},[46,776,777],{"class":56},"Fprintf",[46,779,256],{"class":63},[46,781,782],{"class":147},"\"user id: ",[46,784,786],{"class":785},"sDLfK","%s",[46,788,789],{"class":147},"\"",[46,791,792],{"class":63},", id)\n",[46,794,795],{"class":48,"line":285},[46,796,94],{"class":63},[15,798,799],{},"Стандартный маршрутизатор Go 1.22 закрывает большинство базовых потребностей. Для сложных случаев (middleware chains, группы роутов, валидация) всё ещё удобнее фреймворки.",[26,801],{},[29,803,805],{"id":804},"responsewriter-и-request","ResponseWriter и Request",[319,807,809],{"id":808},"httprequest-входящий-запрос","http.Request — входящий запрос",[37,811,813],{"className":39,"code":812,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {\n    \u002F\u002F Метод и URL\n    fmt.Println(r.Method)       \u002F\u002F \"GET\", \"POST\", ...\n    fmt.Println(r.URL.Path)     \u002F\u002F \"\u002Fusers\u002F42\"\n    fmt.Println(r.URL.Query())  \u002F\u002F query параметры: ?page=1&limit=10\n\n    \u002F\u002F Query параметры\n    page := r.URL.Query().Get(\"page\")\n    limit := r.URL.Query().Get(\"limit\")\n\n    \u002F\u002F Заголовки\n    token := r.Header.Get(\"Authorization\")\n    contentType := r.Header.Get(\"Content-Type\")\n\n    \u002F\u002F Тело запроса\n    body, err := io.ReadAll(r.Body)\n    defer r.Body.Close() \u002F\u002F всегда закрывать!\n\n    \u002F\u002F Контекст запроса\n    ctx := r.Context()\n    userID := ctx.Value(userIDKey)\n}\n",[18,814,815,846,851,864,876,894,898,903,928,950,954,959,978,996,1000,1005,1021,1038,1042,1048,1063,1080],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,816,817,819,822,824,826,828,830,832,834,836,838,840,842,844],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,818,198],{"class":52},[46,820,821],{"class":56}," handler",[46,823,73],{"class":63},[46,825,218],{"class":204},[46,827,221],{"class":56},[46,829,224],{"class":63},[46,831,76],{"class":56},[46,833,79],{"class":63},[46,835,231],{"class":204},[46,837,234],{"class":52},[46,839,237],{"class":56},[46,841,224],{"class":63},[46,843,85],{"class":56},[46,845,244],{"class":63},[46,847,848],{"class":48,"line":67},[46,849,850],{"class":117},"    \u002F\u002F Метод и URL\n",[46,852,853,855,858,861],{"class":48,"line":91},[46,854,250],{"class":63},[46,856,857],{"class":56},"Println",[46,859,860],{"class":63},"(r.Method)       ",[46,862,863],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F \"GET\", \"POST\", ...\n",[46,865,866,868,870,873],{"class":48,"line":135},[46,867,250],{"class":63},[46,869,857],{"class":56},[46,871,872],{"class":63},"(r.URL.Path)     ",[46,874,875],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F \"\u002Fusers\u002F42\"\n",[46,877,878,880,882,885,888,891],{"class":48,"line":144},[46,879,250],{"class":63},[46,881,857],{"class":56},[46,883,884],{"class":63},"(r.URL.",[46,886,887],{"class":56},"Query",[46,889,890],{"class":63},"())  ",[46,892,893],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F query параметры: ?page=1&limit=10\n",[46,895,896],{"class":48,"line":157},[46,897,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,899,900],{"class":48,"line":166},[46,901,902],{"class":117},"    \u002F\u002F Query параметры\n",[46,904,905,908,910,913,915,918,921,923,926],{"class":48,"line":171},[46,906,907],{"class":63},"    page ",[46,909,291],{"class":52},[46,911,912],{"class":63}," r.URL.",[46,914,887],{"class":56},[46,916,917],{"class":63},"().",[46,919,920],{"class":56},"Get",[46,922,73],{"class":63},[46,924,925],{"class":147},"\"page\"",[46,927,88],{"class":63},[46,929,930,933,935,937,939,941,943,945,948],{"class":48,"line":176},[46,931,932],{"class":63},"    limit ",[46,934,291],{"class":52},[46,936,912],{"class":63},[46,938,887],{"class":56},[46,940,917],{"class":63},[46,942,920],{"class":56},[46,944,73],{"class":63},[46,946,947],{"class":147},"\"limit\"",[46,949,88],{"class":63},[46,951,952],{"class":48,"line":190},[46,953,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,955,956],{"class":48,"line":195},[46,957,958],{"class":117},"    \u002F\u002F Заголовки\n",[46,960,961,964,966,969,971,973,976],{"class":48,"line":247},[46,962,963],{"class":63},"    token ",[46,965,291],{"class":52},[46,967,968],{"class":63}," r.Header.",[46,970,920],{"class":56},[46,972,73],{"class":63},[46,974,975],{"class":147},"\"Authorization\"",[46,977,88],{"class":63},[46,979,980,983,985,987,989,991,994],{"class":48,"line":264},[46,981,982],{"class":63},"    contentType ",[46,984,291],{"class":52},[46,986,968],{"class":63},[46,988,920],{"class":56},[46,990,73],{"class":63},[46,992,993],{"class":147},"\"Content-Type\"",[46,995,88],{"class":63},[46,997,998],{"class":48,"line":269},[46,999,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,1001,1002],{"class":48,"line":274},[46,1003,1004],{"class":117},"    \u002F\u002F Тело запроса\n",[46,1006,1007,1010,1012,1015,1018],{"class":48,"line":285},[46,1008,1009],{"class":63},"    body, err ",[46,1011,291],{"class":52},[46,1013,1014],{"class":63}," io.",[46,1016,1017],{"class":56},"ReadAll",[46,1019,1020],{"class":63},"(r.Body)\n",[46,1022,1023,1026,1029,1032,1035],{"class":48,"line":298},[46,1024,1025],{"class":52},"    defer",[46,1027,1028],{"class":63}," r.Body.",[46,1030,1031],{"class":56},"Close",[46,1033,1034],{"class":63},"() ",[46,1036,1037],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F всегда закрывать!\n",[46,1039,1040],{"class":48,"line":315},[46,1041,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,1043,1045],{"class":48,"line":1044},19,[46,1046,1047],{"class":117},"    \u002F\u002F Контекст запроса\n",[46,1049,1051,1054,1056,1058,1061],{"class":48,"line":1050},20,[46,1052,1053],{"class":63},"    ctx ",[46,1055,291],{"class":52},[46,1057,757],{"class":63},[46,1059,1060],{"class":56},"Context",[46,1062,523],{"class":63},[46,1064,1066,1069,1071,1074,1077],{"class":48,"line":1065},21,[46,1067,1068],{"class":63},"    userID ",[46,1070,291],{"class":52},[46,1072,1073],{"class":63}," ctx.",[46,1075,1076],{"class":56},"Value",[46,1078,1079],{"class":63},"(userIDKey)\n",[46,1081,1083],{"class":48,"line":1082},22,[46,1084,94],{"class":63},[319,1086,1088],{"id":1087},"httpresponsewriter-исходящий-ответ","http.ResponseWriter — исходящий ответ",[37,1090,1092],{"className":39,"code":1091,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {\n    \u002F\u002F Заголовки нужно писать ДО WriteHeader и Write\n    w.Header().Set(\"Content-Type\", \"application\u002Fjson\")\n    w.Header().Set(\"X-Request-ID\", \"abc-123\")\n\n    \u002F\u002F Статус код — тоже до Write\n    w.WriteHeader(http.StatusCreated) \u002F\u002F 201\n\n    \u002F\u002F Тело ответа\n    w.Write([]byte(`{\"id\": 1}`))\n}\n",[18,1093,1094,1124,1129,1153,1175,1179,1184,1197,1201,1206,1227],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,1095,1096,1098,1100,1102,1104,1106,1108,1110,1112,1114,1116,1118,1120,1122],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,1097,198],{"class":52},[46,1099,821],{"class":56},[46,1101,73],{"class":63},[46,1103,218],{"class":204},[46,1105,221],{"class":56},[46,1107,224],{"class":63},[46,1109,76],{"class":56},[46,1111,79],{"class":63},[46,1113,231],{"class":204},[46,1115,234],{"class":52},[46,1117,237],{"class":56},[46,1119,224],{"class":63},[46,1121,85],{"class":56},[46,1123,244],{"class":63},[46,1125,1126],{"class":48,"line":67},[46,1127,1128],{"class":117},"    \u002F\u002F Заголовки нужно писать ДО WriteHeader и Write\n",[46,1130,1131,1134,1137,1139,1142,1144,1146,1148,1151],{"class":48,"line":91},[46,1132,1133],{"class":63},"    w.",[46,1135,1136],{"class":56},"Header",[46,1138,917],{"class":63},[46,1140,1141],{"class":56},"Set",[46,1143,73],{"class":63},[46,1145,993],{"class":147},[46,1147,79],{"class":63},[46,1149,1150],{"class":147},"\"application\u002Fjson\"",[46,1152,88],{"class":63},[46,1154,1155,1157,1159,1161,1163,1165,1168,1170,1173],{"class":48,"line":135},[46,1156,1133],{"class":63},[46,1158,1136],{"class":56},[46,1160,917],{"class":63},[46,1162,1141],{"class":56},[46,1164,73],{"class":63},[46,1166,1167],{"class":147},"\"X-Request-ID\"",[46,1169,79],{"class":63},[46,1171,1172],{"class":147},"\"abc-123\"",[46,1174,88],{"class":63},[46,1176,1177],{"class":48,"line":144},[46,1178,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,1180,1181],{"class":48,"line":157},[46,1182,1183],{"class":117},"    \u002F\u002F Статус код — тоже до Write\n",[46,1185,1186,1188,1191,1194],{"class":48,"line":166},[46,1187,1133],{"class":63},[46,1189,1190],{"class":56},"WriteHeader",[46,1192,1193],{"class":63},"(http.StatusCreated) ",[46,1195,1196],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F 201\n",[46,1198,1199],{"class":48,"line":171},[46,1200,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,1202,1203],{"class":48,"line":176},[46,1204,1205],{"class":117},"    \u002F\u002F Тело ответа\n",[46,1207,1208,1210,1213,1216,1219,1221,1224],{"class":48,"line":190},[46,1209,1133],{"class":63},[46,1211,1212],{"class":56},"Write",[46,1214,1215],{"class":63},"([]",[46,1217,1218],{"class":52},"byte",[46,1220,73],{"class":63},[46,1222,1223],{"class":147},"`{\"id\": 1}`",[46,1225,1226],{"class":63},"))\n",[46,1228,1229],{"class":48,"line":195},[46,1230,94],{"class":63},[15,1232,1233,1234,1237,1238,1237,1241,1244,1245,1247],{},"Порядок важен: ",[18,1235,1236],{},"Header().Set()"," → ",[18,1239,1240],{},"WriteHeader()",[18,1242,1243],{},"Write()",". Попытка установить заголовок после ",[18,1246,1212],{}," — молчаливо игнорируется, Go выведет предупреждение в лог.",[319,1249,1251],{"id":1250},"работа-с-json","Работа с JSON",[15,1253,1254],{},"В реальных API постоянно нужно читать и писать JSON. Удобно вынести в хелперы:",[37,1256,1258],{"className":39,"code":1257,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u002F\u002F Декодирование запроса\nfunc decodeJSON(r *http.Request, dst interface{}) error {\n    defer r.Body.Close()\n    decoder := json.NewDecoder(r.Body)\n    decoder.DisallowUnknownFields() \u002F\u002F строгий режим\n    return decoder.Decode(dst)\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F Отправка JSON-ответа\nfunc writeJSON(w http.ResponseWriter, status int, data interface{}) {\n    w.Header().Set(\"Content-Type\", \"application\u002Fjson\")\n    w.WriteHeader(status)\n    json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(data)\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F Отправка ошибки\nfunc writeError(w http.ResponseWriter, status int, message string) {\n    writeJSON(w, status, map[string]string{\"error\": message})\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F Использование\nfunc createUserHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {\n    var req CreateUserRequest\n    if err := decodeJSON(r, &req); err != nil {\n        writeError(w, http.StatusBadRequest, \"invalid request body\")\n        return\n    }\n\n    user, err := createUser(r.Context(), req)\n    if err != nil {\n        writeError(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, \"failed to create user\")\n        return\n    }\n\n    writeJSON(w, http.StatusCreated, user)\n}\n",[18,1259,1260,1265,1299,1309,1324,1337,1351,1355,1359,1364,1399,1419,1428,1445,1449,1453,1458,1491,1522,1526,1530,1534,1565,1577,1607,1621,1627,1633,1638,1657,1670,1683,1688,1693,1698,1706],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,1261,1262],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,1263,1264],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F Декодирование запроса\n",[46,1266,1267,1269,1272,1274,1276,1278,1280,1282,1284,1286,1289,1291,1294,1297],{"class":48,"line":67},[46,1268,198],{"class":52},[46,1270,1271],{"class":56}," decodeJSON",[46,1273,73],{"class":63},[46,1275,231],{"class":204},[46,1277,234],{"class":52},[46,1279,237],{"class":56},[46,1281,224],{"class":63},[46,1283,85],{"class":56},[46,1285,79],{"class":63},[46,1287,1288],{"class":204},"dst",[46,1290,60],{"class":52},[46,1292,1293],{"class":63},"{}) ",[46,1295,1296],{"class":52},"error",[46,1298,64],{"class":63},[46,1300,1301,1303,1305,1307],{"class":48,"line":91},[46,1302,1025],{"class":52},[46,1304,1028],{"class":63},[46,1306,1031],{"class":56},[46,1308,523],{"class":63},[46,1310,1311,1314,1316,1319,1322],{"class":48,"line":135},[46,1312,1313],{"class":63},"    decoder ",[46,1315,291],{"class":52},[46,1317,1318],{"class":63}," json.",[46,1320,1321],{"class":56},"NewDecoder",[46,1323,1020],{"class":63},[46,1325,1326,1329,1332,1334],{"class":48,"line":144},[46,1327,1328],{"class":63},"    decoder.",[46,1330,1331],{"class":56},"DisallowUnknownFields",[46,1333,1034],{"class":63},[46,1335,1336],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F строгий режим\n",[46,1338,1339,1342,1345,1348],{"class":48,"line":157},[46,1340,1341],{"class":52},"    return",[46,1343,1344],{"class":63}," decoder.",[46,1346,1347],{"class":56},"Decode",[46,1349,1350],{"class":63},"(dst)\n",[46,1352,1353],{"class":48,"line":166},[46,1354,94],{"class":63},[46,1356,1357],{"class":48,"line":171},[46,1358,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,1360,1361],{"class":48,"line":176},[46,1362,1363],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F Отправка JSON-ответа\n",[46,1365,1366,1368,1371,1373,1375,1377,1379,1381,1383,1386,1389,1391,1394,1396],{"class":48,"line":190},[46,1367,198],{"class":52},[46,1369,1370],{"class":56}," writeJSON",[46,1372,73],{"class":63},[46,1374,218],{"class":204},[46,1376,221],{"class":56},[46,1378,224],{"class":63},[46,1380,76],{"class":56},[46,1382,79],{"class":63},[46,1384,1385],{"class":204},"status",[46,1387,1388],{"class":52}," int",[46,1390,79],{"class":63},[46,1392,1393],{"class":204},"data",[46,1395,60],{"class":52},[46,1397,1398],{"class":63},"{}) {\n",[46,1400,1401,1403,1405,1407,1409,1411,1413,1415,1417],{"class":48,"line":195},[46,1402,1133],{"class":63},[46,1404,1136],{"class":56},[46,1406,917],{"class":63},[46,1408,1141],{"class":56},[46,1410,73],{"class":63},[46,1412,993],{"class":147},[46,1414,79],{"class":63},[46,1416,1150],{"class":147},[46,1418,88],{"class":63},[46,1420,1421,1423,1425],{"class":48,"line":247},[46,1422,1133],{"class":63},[46,1424,1190],{"class":56},[46,1426,1427],{"class":63},"(status)\n",[46,1429,1430,1433,1436,1439,1442],{"class":48,"line":264},[46,1431,1432],{"class":63},"    json.",[46,1434,1435],{"class":56},"NewEncoder",[46,1437,1438],{"class":63},"(w).",[46,1440,1441],{"class":56},"Encode",[46,1443,1444],{"class":63},"(data)\n",[46,1446,1447],{"class":48,"line":269},[46,1448,94],{"class":63},[46,1450,1451],{"class":48,"line":274},[46,1452,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,1454,1455],{"class":48,"line":285},[46,1456,1457],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F Отправка ошибки\n",[46,1459,1460,1462,1465,1467,1469,1471,1473,1475,1477,1479,1481,1483,1486,1489],{"class":48,"line":298},[46,1461,198],{"class":52},[46,1463,1464],{"class":56}," writeError",[46,1466,73],{"class":63},[46,1468,218],{"class":204},[46,1470,221],{"class":56},[46,1472,224],{"class":63},[46,1474,76],{"class":56},[46,1476,79],{"class":63},[46,1478,1385],{"class":204},[46,1480,1388],{"class":52},[46,1482,79],{"class":63},[46,1484,1485],{"class":204},"message",[46,1487,1488],{"class":52}," string",[46,1490,244],{"class":63},[46,1492,1493,1496,1499,1502,1505,1508,1511,1513,1516,1519],{"class":48,"line":315},[46,1494,1495],{"class":56},"    writeJSON",[46,1497,1498],{"class":63},"(w, status, ",[46,1500,1501],{"class":52},"map",[46,1503,1504],{"class":63},"[",[46,1506,1507],{"class":52},"string",[46,1509,1510],{"class":63},"]",[46,1512,1507],{"class":52},[46,1514,1515],{"class":63},"{",[46,1517,1518],{"class":147},"\"error\"",[46,1520,1521],{"class":63},": message})\n",[46,1523,1524],{"class":48,"line":1044},[46,1525,94],{"class":63},[46,1527,1528],{"class":48,"line":1050},[46,1529,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,1531,1532],{"class":48,"line":1065},[46,1533,419],{"class":117},[46,1535,1536,1538,1541,1543,1545,1547,1549,1551,1553,1555,1557,1559,1561,1563],{"class":48,"line":1082},[46,1537,198],{"class":52},[46,1539,1540],{"class":56}," createUserHandler",[46,1542,73],{"class":63},[46,1544,218],{"class":204},[46,1546,221],{"class":56},[46,1548,224],{"class":63},[46,1550,76],{"class":56},[46,1552,79],{"class":63},[46,1554,231],{"class":204},[46,1556,234],{"class":52},[46,1558,237],{"class":56},[46,1560,224],{"class":63},[46,1562,85],{"class":56},[46,1564,244],{"class":63},[46,1566,1568,1571,1574],{"class":48,"line":1567},23,[46,1569,1570],{"class":52},"    var",[46,1572,1573],{"class":63}," req ",[46,1575,1576],{"class":56},"CreateUserRequest\n",[46,1578,1580,1583,1586,1588,1590,1593,1596,1599,1602,1605],{"class":48,"line":1579},24,[46,1581,1582],{"class":52},"    if",[46,1584,1585],{"class":63}," err ",[46,1587,291],{"class":52},[46,1589,1271],{"class":56},[46,1591,1592],{"class":63},"(r, ",[46,1594,1595],{"class":52},"&",[46,1597,1598],{"class":63},"req); err ",[46,1600,1601],{"class":52},"!=",[46,1603,1604],{"class":785}," nil",[46,1606,64],{"class":63},[46,1608,1610,1613,1616,1619],{"class":48,"line":1609},25,[46,1611,1612],{"class":56},"        writeError",[46,1614,1615],{"class":63},"(w, http.StatusBadRequest, ",[46,1617,1618],{"class":147},"\"invalid request body\"",[46,1620,88],{"class":63},[46,1622,1624],{"class":48,"line":1623},26,[46,1625,1626],{"class":52},"        return\n",[46,1628,1630],{"class":48,"line":1629},27,[46,1631,1632],{"class":63},"    }\n",[46,1634,1636],{"class":48,"line":1635},28,[46,1637,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,1639,1641,1644,1646,1649,1652,1654],{"class":48,"line":1640},29,[46,1642,1643],{"class":63},"    user, err ",[46,1645,291],{"class":52},[46,1647,1648],{"class":56}," createUser",[46,1650,1651],{"class":63},"(r.",[46,1653,1060],{"class":56},[46,1655,1656],{"class":63},"(), req)\n",[46,1658,1660,1662,1664,1666,1668],{"class":48,"line":1659},30,[46,1661,1582],{"class":52},[46,1663,1585],{"class":63},[46,1665,1601],{"class":52},[46,1667,1604],{"class":785},[46,1669,64],{"class":63},[46,1671,1673,1675,1678,1681],{"class":48,"line":1672},31,[46,1674,1612],{"class":56},[46,1676,1677],{"class":63},"(w, http.StatusInternalServerError, ",[46,1679,1680],{"class":147},"\"failed to create user\"",[46,1682,88],{"class":63},[46,1684,1686],{"class":48,"line":1685},32,[46,1687,1626],{"class":52},[46,1689,1691],{"class":48,"line":1690},33,[46,1692,1632],{"class":63},[46,1694,1696],{"class":48,"line":1695},34,[46,1697,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,1699,1701,1703],{"class":48,"line":1700},35,[46,1702,1495],{"class":56},[46,1704,1705],{"class":63},"(w, http.StatusCreated, user)\n",[46,1707,1709],{"class":48,"line":1708},36,[46,1710,94],{"class":63},[26,1712],{},[29,1714,1716],{"id":1715},"middleware","Middleware",[15,1718,1719,1720,1723,1724,1726],{},"Middleware — обёртка вокруг обработчика, добавляющая поведение до или после его вызова. В Go middleware реализуется как функция, принимающая ",[18,1721,1722],{},"Handler"," и возвращающая ",[18,1725,1722],{},":",[37,1728,1730],{"className":39,"code":1729,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"type Middleware func(http.Handler) http.Handler\n",[18,1731,1732],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,1733,1734,1736,1739,1741,1743,1745,1747,1749,1751,1753,1755],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,1735,53],{"class":52},[46,1737,1738],{"class":56}," Middleware",[46,1740,349],{"class":52},[46,1742,73],{"class":63},[46,1744,237],{"class":56},[46,1746,224],{"class":63},[46,1748,1722],{"class":56},[46,1750,211],{"class":63},[46,1752,237],{"class":56},[46,1754,224],{"class":63},[46,1756,1757],{"class":56},"Handler\n",[319,1759,1761],{"id":1760},"логирование-запросов","Логирование запросов",[37,1763,1765],{"className":39,"code":1764,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"func loggingMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {\n    return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {\n        start := time.Now()\n\n        \u002F\u002F Оборачиваем ResponseWriter чтобы перехватить статус код\n        wrapped := &responseWriter{ResponseWriter: w, status: http.StatusOK}\n\n        next.ServeHTTP(wrapped, r) \u002F\u002F вызываем следующий обработчик\n\n        log.Printf(\n            \"%s %s %d %v\",\n            r.Method,\n            r.URL.Path,\n            wrapped.status,\n            time.Since(start),\n        )\n    })\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F Обёртка для перехвата статус кода\ntype responseWriter struct {\n    http.ResponseWriter\n    status int\n}\n\nfunc (rw *responseWriter) WriteHeader(status int) {\n    rw.status = status\n    rw.ResponseWriter.WriteHeader(status)\n}\n",[18,1766,1767,1795,1831,1846,1850,1855,1871,1875,1888,1892,1903,1924,1929,1934,1939,1950,1955,1960,1964,1968,1973,1984,1994,2002,2006,2010,2035,2046,2055],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,1768,1769,1771,1774,1776,1779,1781,1783,1785,1787,1789,1791,1793],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,1770,198],{"class":52},[46,1772,1773],{"class":56}," loggingMiddleware",[46,1775,73],{"class":63},[46,1777,1778],{"class":204},"next",[46,1780,221],{"class":56},[46,1782,224],{"class":63},[46,1784,1722],{"class":56},[46,1786,211],{"class":63},[46,1788,237],{"class":56},[46,1790,224],{"class":63},[46,1792,1722],{"class":56},[46,1794,64],{"class":63},[46,1796,1797,1799,1801,1803,1805,1807,1809,1811,1813,1815,1817,1819,1821,1823,1825,1827,1829],{"class":48,"line":67},[46,1798,1341],{"class":52},[46,1800,517],{"class":63},[46,1802,377],{"class":56},[46,1804,73],{"class":63},[46,1806,198],{"class":52},[46,1808,73],{"class":63},[46,1810,218],{"class":204},[46,1812,221],{"class":56},[46,1814,224],{"class":63},[46,1816,76],{"class":56},[46,1818,79],{"class":63},[46,1820,231],{"class":204},[46,1822,234],{"class":52},[46,1824,237],{"class":56},[46,1826,224],{"class":63},[46,1828,85],{"class":56},[46,1830,244],{"class":63},[46,1832,1833,1836,1838,1841,1844],{"class":48,"line":91},[46,1834,1835],{"class":63},"        start ",[46,1837,291],{"class":52},[46,1839,1840],{"class":63}," time.",[46,1842,1843],{"class":56},"Now",[46,1845,523],{"class":63},[46,1847,1848],{"class":48,"line":135},[46,1849,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,1851,1852],{"class":48,"line":144},[46,1853,1854],{"class":117},"        \u002F\u002F Оборачиваем ResponseWriter чтобы перехватить статус код\n",[46,1856,1857,1860,1862,1865,1868],{"class":48,"line":157},[46,1858,1859],{"class":63},"        wrapped ",[46,1861,291],{"class":52},[46,1863,1864],{"class":52}," &",[46,1866,1867],{"class":56},"responseWriter",[46,1869,1870],{"class":63},"{ResponseWriter: w, status: http.StatusOK}\n",[46,1872,1873],{"class":48,"line":166},[46,1874,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,1876,1877,1880,1882,1885],{"class":48,"line":171},[46,1878,1879],{"class":63},"        next.",[46,1881,103],{"class":56},[46,1883,1884],{"class":63},"(wrapped, r) ",[46,1886,1887],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F вызываем следующий обработчик\n",[46,1889,1890],{"class":48,"line":176},[46,1891,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,1893,1894,1897,1900],{"class":48,"line":190},[46,1895,1896],{"class":63},"        log.",[46,1898,1899],{"class":56},"Printf",[46,1901,1902],{"class":63},"(\n",[46,1904,1905,1908,1910,1913,1916,1919,1921],{"class":48,"line":195},[46,1906,1907],{"class":147},"            \"",[46,1909,786],{"class":785},[46,1911,1912],{"class":785}," %s",[46,1914,1915],{"class":785}," %d",[46,1917,1918],{"class":785}," %v",[46,1920,789],{"class":147},[46,1922,1923],{"class":63},",\n",[46,1925,1926],{"class":48,"line":247},[46,1927,1928],{"class":63},"            r.Method,\n",[46,1930,1931],{"class":48,"line":264},[46,1932,1933],{"class":63},"            r.URL.Path,\n",[46,1935,1936],{"class":48,"line":269},[46,1937,1938],{"class":63},"            wrapped.status,\n",[46,1940,1941,1944,1947],{"class":48,"line":274},[46,1942,1943],{"class":63},"            time.",[46,1945,1946],{"class":56},"Since",[46,1948,1949],{"class":63},"(start),\n",[46,1951,1952],{"class":48,"line":285},[46,1953,1954],{"class":63},"        )\n",[46,1956,1957],{"class":48,"line":298},[46,1958,1959],{"class":63},"    })\n",[46,1961,1962],{"class":48,"line":315},[46,1963,94],{"class":63},[46,1965,1966],{"class":48,"line":1044},[46,1967,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,1969,1970],{"class":48,"line":1050},[46,1971,1972],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F Обёртка для перехвата статус кода\n",[46,1974,1975,1977,1980,1982],{"class":48,"line":1065},[46,1976,53],{"class":52},[46,1978,1979],{"class":56}," responseWriter",[46,1981,184],{"class":52},[46,1983,64],{"class":63},[46,1985,1986,1989,1991],{"class":48,"line":1082},[46,1987,1988],{"class":56},"    http",[46,1990,224],{"class":63},[46,1992,1993],{"class":56},"ResponseWriter\n",[46,1995,1996,1999],{"class":48,"line":1567},[46,1997,1998],{"class":63},"    status ",[46,2000,2001],{"class":52},"int\n",[46,2003,2004],{"class":48,"line":1579},[46,2005,94],{"class":63},[46,2007,2008],{"class":48,"line":1609},[46,2009,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,2011,2012,2014,2016,2019,2021,2023,2025,2027,2029,2031,2033],{"class":48,"line":1623},[46,2013,198],{"class":52},[46,2015,201],{"class":63},[46,2017,2018],{"class":204},"rw ",[46,2020,82],{"class":52},[46,2022,1867],{"class":56},[46,2024,211],{"class":63},[46,2026,1190],{"class":56},[46,2028,73],{"class":63},[46,2030,1385],{"class":204},[46,2032,1388],{"class":52},[46,2034,244],{"class":63},[46,2036,2037,2040,2043],{"class":48,"line":1629},[46,2038,2039],{"class":63},"    rw.status ",[46,2041,2042],{"class":52},"=",[46,2044,2045],{"class":63}," status\n",[46,2047,2048,2051,2053],{"class":48,"line":1635},[46,2049,2050],{"class":63},"    rw.ResponseWriter.",[46,2052,1190],{"class":56},[46,2054,1427],{"class":63},[46,2056,2057],{"class":48,"line":1640},[46,2058,94],{"class":63},[319,2060,2062],{"id":2061},"аутентификация","Аутентификация",[37,2064,2066],{"className":39,"code":2065,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"func authMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {\n    return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {\n        token := r.Header.Get(\"Authorization\")\n        if token == \"\" {\n            writeError(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, \"missing token\")\n            return \u002F\u002F не вызываем next\n        }\n\n        userID, err := validateToken(token)\n        if err != nil {\n            writeError(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, \"invalid token\")\n            return\n        }\n\n        \u002F\u002F Передаём userID в контекст\n        ctx := context.WithValue(r.Context(), userIDKey, userID)\n        next.ServeHTTP(w, r.WithContext(ctx))\n    })\n}\n",[18,2067,2068,2095,2131,2148,2164,2177,2185,2190,2194,2207,2219,2230,2235,2239,2243,2248,2268,2283,2287],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,2069,2070,2072,2075,2077,2079,2081,2083,2085,2087,2089,2091,2093],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,2071,198],{"class":52},[46,2073,2074],{"class":56}," authMiddleware",[46,2076,73],{"class":63},[46,2078,1778],{"class":204},[46,2080,221],{"class":56},[46,2082,224],{"class":63},[46,2084,1722],{"class":56},[46,2086,211],{"class":63},[46,2088,237],{"class":56},[46,2090,224],{"class":63},[46,2092,1722],{"class":56},[46,2094,64],{"class":63},[46,2096,2097,2099,2101,2103,2105,2107,2109,2111,2113,2115,2117,2119,2121,2123,2125,2127,2129],{"class":48,"line":67},[46,2098,1341],{"class":52},[46,2100,517],{"class":63},[46,2102,377],{"class":56},[46,2104,73],{"class":63},[46,2106,198],{"class":52},[46,2108,73],{"class":63},[46,2110,218],{"class":204},[46,2112,221],{"class":56},[46,2114,224],{"class":63},[46,2116,76],{"class":56},[46,2118,79],{"class":63},[46,2120,231],{"class":204},[46,2122,234],{"class":52},[46,2124,237],{"class":56},[46,2126,224],{"class":63},[46,2128,85],{"class":56},[46,2130,244],{"class":63},[46,2132,2133,2136,2138,2140,2142,2144,2146],{"class":48,"line":91},[46,2134,2135],{"class":63},"        token ",[46,2137,291],{"class":52},[46,2139,968],{"class":63},[46,2141,920],{"class":56},[46,2143,73],{"class":63},[46,2145,975],{"class":147},[46,2147,88],{"class":63},[46,2149,2150,2153,2156,2159,2162],{"class":48,"line":135},[46,2151,2152],{"class":52},"        if",[46,2154,2155],{"class":63}," token ",[46,2157,2158],{"class":52},"==",[46,2160,2161],{"class":147}," \"\"",[46,2163,64],{"class":63},[46,2165,2166,2169,2172,2175],{"class":48,"line":144},[46,2167,2168],{"class":56},"            writeError",[46,2170,2171],{"class":63},"(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, ",[46,2173,2174],{"class":147},"\"missing token\"",[46,2176,88],{"class":63},[46,2178,2179,2182],{"class":48,"line":157},[46,2180,2181],{"class":52},"            return",[46,2183,2184],{"class":117}," \u002F\u002F не вызываем next\n",[46,2186,2187],{"class":48,"line":166},[46,2188,2189],{"class":63},"        }\n",[46,2191,2192],{"class":48,"line":171},[46,2193,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,2195,2196,2199,2201,2204],{"class":48,"line":176},[46,2197,2198],{"class":63},"        userID, err ",[46,2200,291],{"class":52},[46,2202,2203],{"class":56}," validateToken",[46,2205,2206],{"class":63},"(token)\n",[46,2208,2209,2211,2213,2215,2217],{"class":48,"line":190},[46,2210,2152],{"class":52},[46,2212,1585],{"class":63},[46,2214,1601],{"class":52},[46,2216,1604],{"class":785},[46,2218,64],{"class":63},[46,2220,2221,2223,2225,2228],{"class":48,"line":195},[46,2222,2168],{"class":56},[46,2224,2171],{"class":63},[46,2226,2227],{"class":147},"\"invalid token\"",[46,2229,88],{"class":63},[46,2231,2232],{"class":48,"line":247},[46,2233,2234],{"class":52},"            return\n",[46,2236,2237],{"class":48,"line":264},[46,2238,2189],{"class":63},[46,2240,2241],{"class":48,"line":269},[46,2242,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,2244,2245],{"class":48,"line":274},[46,2246,2247],{"class":117},"        \u002F\u002F Передаём userID в контекст\n",[46,2249,2250,2253,2255,2258,2261,2263,2265],{"class":48,"line":285},[46,2251,2252],{"class":63},"        ctx ",[46,2254,291],{"class":52},[46,2256,2257],{"class":63}," context.",[46,2259,2260],{"class":56},"WithValue",[46,2262,1651],{"class":63},[46,2264,1060],{"class":56},[46,2266,2267],{"class":63},"(), userIDKey, userID)\n",[46,2269,2270,2272,2274,2277,2280],{"class":48,"line":298},[46,2271,1879],{"class":63},[46,2273,103],{"class":56},[46,2275,2276],{"class":63},"(w, r.",[46,2278,2279],{"class":56},"WithContext",[46,2281,2282],{"class":63},"(ctx))\n",[46,2284,2285],{"class":48,"line":315},[46,2286,1959],{"class":63},[46,2288,2289],{"class":48,"line":1044},[46,2290,94],{"class":63},[319,2292,2294],{"id":2293},"cors","CORS",[37,2296,2298],{"className":39,"code":2297,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"func corsMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {\n    return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {\n        w.Header().Set(\"Access-Control-Allow-Origin\", \"*\")\n        w.Header().Set(\"Access-Control-Allow-Methods\", \"GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS\")\n        w.Header().Set(\"Access-Control-Allow-Headers\", \"Content-Type, Authorization\")\n\n        if r.Method == http.MethodOptions {\n            w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)\n            return\n        }\n\n        next.ServeHTTP(w, r)\n    })\n}\n",[18,2299,2300,2327,2363,2386,2408,2430,2434,2446,2456,2460,2464,2468,2476,2480],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,2301,2302,2304,2307,2309,2311,2313,2315,2317,2319,2321,2323,2325],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,2303,198],{"class":52},[46,2305,2306],{"class":56}," corsMiddleware",[46,2308,73],{"class":63},[46,2310,1778],{"class":204},[46,2312,221],{"class":56},[46,2314,224],{"class":63},[46,2316,1722],{"class":56},[46,2318,211],{"class":63},[46,2320,237],{"class":56},[46,2322,224],{"class":63},[46,2324,1722],{"class":56},[46,2326,64],{"class":63},[46,2328,2329,2331,2333,2335,2337,2339,2341,2343,2345,2347,2349,2351,2353,2355,2357,2359,2361],{"class":48,"line":67},[46,2330,1341],{"class":52},[46,2332,517],{"class":63},[46,2334,377],{"class":56},[46,2336,73],{"class":63},[46,2338,198],{"class":52},[46,2340,73],{"class":63},[46,2342,218],{"class":204},[46,2344,221],{"class":56},[46,2346,224],{"class":63},[46,2348,76],{"class":56},[46,2350,79],{"class":63},[46,2352,231],{"class":204},[46,2354,234],{"class":52},[46,2356,237],{"class":56},[46,2358,224],{"class":63},[46,2360,85],{"class":56},[46,2362,244],{"class":63},[46,2364,2365,2368,2370,2372,2374,2376,2379,2381,2384],{"class":48,"line":91},[46,2366,2367],{"class":63},"        w.",[46,2369,1136],{"class":56},[46,2371,917],{"class":63},[46,2373,1141],{"class":56},[46,2375,73],{"class":63},[46,2377,2378],{"class":147},"\"Access-Control-Allow-Origin\"",[46,2380,79],{"class":63},[46,2382,2383],{"class":147},"\"*\"",[46,2385,88],{"class":63},[46,2387,2388,2390,2392,2394,2396,2398,2401,2403,2406],{"class":48,"line":135},[46,2389,2367],{"class":63},[46,2391,1136],{"class":56},[46,2393,917],{"class":63},[46,2395,1141],{"class":56},[46,2397,73],{"class":63},[46,2399,2400],{"class":147},"\"Access-Control-Allow-Methods\"",[46,2402,79],{"class":63},[46,2404,2405],{"class":147},"\"GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS\"",[46,2407,88],{"class":63},[46,2409,2410,2412,2414,2416,2418,2420,2423,2425,2428],{"class":48,"line":144},[46,2411,2367],{"class":63},[46,2413,1136],{"class":56},[46,2415,917],{"class":63},[46,2417,1141],{"class":56},[46,2419,73],{"class":63},[46,2421,2422],{"class":147},"\"Access-Control-Allow-Headers\"",[46,2424,79],{"class":63},[46,2426,2427],{"class":147},"\"Content-Type, Authorization\"",[46,2429,88],{"class":63},[46,2431,2432],{"class":48,"line":157},[46,2433,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,2435,2436,2438,2441,2443],{"class":48,"line":166},[46,2437,2152],{"class":52},[46,2439,2440],{"class":63}," r.Method ",[46,2442,2158],{"class":52},[46,2444,2445],{"class":63}," http.MethodOptions {\n",[46,2447,2448,2451,2453],{"class":48,"line":171},[46,2449,2450],{"class":63},"            w.",[46,2452,1190],{"class":56},[46,2454,2455],{"class":63},"(http.StatusNoContent)\n",[46,2457,2458],{"class":48,"line":176},[46,2459,2234],{"class":52},[46,2461,2462],{"class":48,"line":190},[46,2463,2189],{"class":63},[46,2465,2466],{"class":48,"line":195},[46,2467,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,2469,2470,2472,2474],{"class":48,"line":247},[46,2471,1879],{"class":63},[46,2473,103],{"class":56},[46,2475,406],{"class":63},[46,2477,2478],{"class":48,"line":264},[46,2479,1959],{"class":63},[46,2481,2482],{"class":48,"line":269},[46,2483,94],{"class":63},[319,2485,2487],{"id":2486},"цепочка-middleware","Цепочка middleware",[37,2489,2491],{"className":39,"code":2490,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u002F\u002F Применяем middleware справа налево — первый в списке выполняется первым\nfunc chain(h http.Handler, middlewares ...Middleware) http.Handler {\n    for i := len(middlewares) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {\n        h = middlewares[i](h)\n    }\n    return h\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F Использование\nmux := http.NewServeMux()\nmux.HandleFunc(\"GET \u002Fusers\", listUsers)\nmux.HandleFunc(\"POST \u002Fusers\", createUser)\n\nhandler := chain(mux,\n    loggingMiddleware,  \u002F\u002F выполняется первым\n    corsMiddleware,     \u002F\u002F вторым\n    authMiddleware,     \u002F\u002F третьим\n)\n\nhttp.ListenAndServe(\":8080\", handler)\n",[18,2492,2493,2498,2536,2575,2593,2597,2604,2608,2612,2616,2628,2640,2652,2656,2668,2676,2684,2692,2696,2700],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,2494,2495],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,2496,2497],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F Применяем middleware справа налево — первый в списке выполняется первым\n",[46,2499,2500,2502,2505,2507,2510,2512,2514,2516,2518,2521,2524,2526,2528,2530,2532,2534],{"class":48,"line":67},[46,2501,198],{"class":52},[46,2503,2504],{"class":56}," chain",[46,2506,73],{"class":63},[46,2508,2509],{"class":204},"h",[46,2511,221],{"class":56},[46,2513,224],{"class":63},[46,2515,1722],{"class":56},[46,2517,79],{"class":63},[46,2519,2520],{"class":204},"middlewares",[46,2522,2523],{"class":52}," ...",[46,2525,1716],{"class":56},[46,2527,211],{"class":63},[46,2529,237],{"class":56},[46,2531,224],{"class":63},[46,2533,1722],{"class":56},[46,2535,64],{"class":63},[46,2537,2538,2541,2544,2546,2549,2552,2555,2558,2561,2564,2567,2570,2573],{"class":48,"line":91},[46,2539,2540],{"class":52},"    for",[46,2542,2543],{"class":63}," i ",[46,2545,291],{"class":52},[46,2547,2548],{"class":56}," len",[46,2550,2551],{"class":63},"(middlewares) ",[46,2553,2554],{"class":52},"-",[46,2556,2557],{"class":785}," 1",[46,2559,2560],{"class":63},"; i ",[46,2562,2563],{"class":52},">=",[46,2565,2566],{"class":785}," 0",[46,2568,2569],{"class":63},"; i",[46,2571,2572],{"class":52},"--",[46,2574,64],{"class":63},[46,2576,2577,2580,2582,2585,2587,2590],{"class":48,"line":135},[46,2578,2579],{"class":63},"        h ",[46,2581,2042],{"class":52},[46,2583,2584],{"class":56}," middlewares",[46,2586,1504],{"class":63},[46,2588,2589],{"class":56},"i",[46,2591,2592],{"class":63},"](h)\n",[46,2594,2595],{"class":48,"line":144},[46,2596,1632],{"class":63},[46,2598,2599,2601],{"class":48,"line":157},[46,2600,1341],{"class":52},[46,2602,2603],{"class":63}," h\n",[46,2605,2606],{"class":48,"line":166},[46,2607,94],{"class":63},[46,2609,2610],{"class":48,"line":171},[46,2611,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,2613,2614],{"class":48,"line":176},[46,2615,419],{"class":117},[46,2617,2618,2620,2622,2624,2626],{"class":48,"line":190},[46,2619,512],{"class":63},[46,2621,291],{"class":52},[46,2623,517],{"class":63},[46,2625,520],{"class":56},[46,2627,523],{"class":63},[46,2629,2630,2632,2634,2636,2638],{"class":48,"line":195},[46,2631,532],{"class":63},[46,2633,535],{"class":56},[46,2635,73],{"class":63},[46,2637,639],{"class":147},[46,2639,642],{"class":63},[46,2641,2642,2644,2646,2648,2650],{"class":48,"line":247},[46,2643,532],{"class":63},[46,2645,535],{"class":56},[46,2647,73],{"class":63},[46,2649,653],{"class":147},[46,2651,656],{"class":63},[46,2653,2654],{"class":48,"line":264},[46,2655,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,2657,2658,2661,2663,2665],{"class":48,"line":269},[46,2659,2660],{"class":63},"handler ",[46,2662,291],{"class":52},[46,2664,2504],{"class":56},[46,2666,2667],{"class":63},"(mux,\n",[46,2669,2670,2673],{"class":48,"line":274},[46,2671,2672],{"class":63},"    loggingMiddleware,  ",[46,2674,2675],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F выполняется первым\n",[46,2677,2678,2681],{"class":48,"line":285},[46,2679,2680],{"class":63},"    corsMiddleware,     ",[46,2682,2683],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F вторым\n",[46,2685,2686,2689],{"class":48,"line":298},[46,2687,2688],{"class":63},"    authMiddleware,     ",[46,2690,2691],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F третьим\n",[46,2693,2694],{"class":48,"line":315},[46,2695,88],{"class":63},[46,2697,2698],{"class":48,"line":1044},[46,2699,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,2701,2702,2704,2706,2708,2710],{"class":48,"line":1050},[46,2703,476],{"class":63},[46,2705,304],{"class":56},[46,2707,73],{"class":63},[46,2709,309],{"class":147},[46,2711,312],{"class":63},[26,2713],{},[29,2715,2717],{"id":2716},"httpclient-выполнение-запросов","http.Client — выполнение запросов",[15,2719,2720,2722],{},[18,2721,20],{}," — не только сервер, но и клиент для выполнения HTTP-запросов:",[37,2724,2726],{"className":39,"code":2725,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u002F\u002F Никогда не используйте http.DefaultClient в production!\n\u002F\u002F У него нет таймаутов — соединение может висеть вечно\nclient := &http.Client{\n    Timeout: 10 * time.Second, \u002F\u002F общий таймаут запроса\n    Transport: &http.Transport{\n        MaxIdleConns:        100,\n        MaxIdleConnsPerHost: 10,\n        IdleConnTimeout:     90 * time.Second,\n    },\n}\n\n\u002F\u002F GET запрос\nfunc getUser(ctx context.Context, id int) (*User, error) {\n    url := fmt.Sprintf(\"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.example.com\u002Fusers\u002F%d\", id)\\n\n    req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil)\n    if err != nil {\n        return nil, fmt.Errorf(\"create request: %w\", err)\n    }\n    req.Header.Set(\"Authorization\", \"Bearer \"+token)\n\n    resp, err := client.Do(req)\n    if err != nil {\n        return nil, fmt.Errorf(\"do request: %w\", err)\n    }\n    defer resp.Body.Close()\n\n    if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {\n        return nil, fmt.Errorf(\"unexpected status: %d\", resp.StatusCode)\n    }\n\n    var user User\n    if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&user); err != nil {\n        return nil, fmt.Errorf(\"decode response: %w\", err)\n    }\n\n    return &user, nil\n}\n",[18,2727,2728,2733,2738,2757,2773,2789,2799,2808,2821,2826,2830,2834,2839,2878,2904,2924,2936,2962,2966,2988,2992,3008,3020,3041,3045,3056,3060,3072,3094,3098,3102,3112,3142,3163,3167,3171,3183],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,2729,2730],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,2731,2732],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F Никогда не используйте http.DefaultClient в production!\n",[46,2734,2735],{"class":48,"line":67},[46,2736,2737],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F У него нет таймаутов — соединение может висеть вечно\n",[46,2739,2740,2743,2745,2747,2749,2751,2754],{"class":48,"line":91},[46,2741,2742],{"class":63},"client ",[46,2744,291],{"class":52},[46,2746,1864],{"class":52},[46,2748,237],{"class":56},[46,2750,224],{"class":63},[46,2752,2753],{"class":56},"Client",[46,2755,2756],{"class":63},"{\n",[46,2758,2759,2762,2765,2767,2770],{"class":48,"line":135},[46,2760,2761],{"class":63},"    Timeout: ",[46,2763,2764],{"class":785},"10",[46,2766,234],{"class":52},[46,2768,2769],{"class":63}," time.Second, ",[46,2771,2772],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F общий таймаут запроса\n",[46,2774,2775,2778,2780,2782,2784,2787],{"class":48,"line":144},[46,2776,2777],{"class":63},"    Transport: ",[46,2779,1595],{"class":52},[46,2781,237],{"class":56},[46,2783,224],{"class":63},[46,2785,2786],{"class":56},"Transport",[46,2788,2756],{"class":63},[46,2790,2791,2794,2797],{"class":48,"line":157},[46,2792,2793],{"class":63},"        MaxIdleConns:        ",[46,2795,2796],{"class":785},"100",[46,2798,1923],{"class":63},[46,2800,2801,2804,2806],{"class":48,"line":166},[46,2802,2803],{"class":63},"        MaxIdleConnsPerHost: ",[46,2805,2764],{"class":785},[46,2807,1923],{"class":63},[46,2809,2810,2813,2816,2818],{"class":48,"line":171},[46,2811,2812],{"class":63},"        IdleConnTimeout:     ",[46,2814,2815],{"class":785},"90",[46,2817,234],{"class":52},[46,2819,2820],{"class":63}," time.Second,\n",[46,2822,2823],{"class":48,"line":176},[46,2824,2825],{"class":63},"    },\n",[46,2827,2828],{"class":48,"line":190},[46,2829,94],{"class":63},[46,2831,2832],{"class":48,"line":195},[46,2833,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,2835,2836],{"class":48,"line":247},[46,2837,2838],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F GET запрос\n",[46,2840,2841,2843,2845,2847,2850,2853,2855,2857,2859,2862,2864,2867,2869,2872,2874,2876],{"class":48,"line":264},[46,2842,198],{"class":52},[46,2844,723],{"class":56},[46,2846,73],{"class":63},[46,2848,2849],{"class":204},"ctx",[46,2851,2852],{"class":56}," context",[46,2854,224],{"class":63},[46,2856,1060],{"class":56},[46,2858,79],{"class":63},[46,2860,2861],{"class":204},"id",[46,2863,1388],{"class":52},[46,2865,2866],{"class":63},") (",[46,2868,82],{"class":52},[46,2870,2871],{"class":56},"User",[46,2873,79],{"class":63},[46,2875,1296],{"class":52},[46,2877,244],{"class":63},[46,2879,2880,2883,2885,2888,2891,2893,2896,2899,2901],{"class":48,"line":269},[46,2881,2882],{"class":63},"    url ",[46,2884,291],{"class":52},[46,2886,2887],{"class":63}," fmt.",[46,2889,2890],{"class":56},"Sprintf",[46,2892,73],{"class":63},[46,2894,2895],{"class":147},"\"https:\u002F\u002Fapi.example.com\u002Fusers\u002F",[46,2897,2898],{"class":785},"%d",[46,2900,789],{"class":147},[46,2902,2903],{"class":63},", id)\\n\n",[46,2905,2906,2909,2911,2913,2916,2919,2922],{"class":48,"line":274},[46,2907,2908],{"class":63},"    req, err ",[46,2910,291],{"class":52},[46,2912,517],{"class":63},[46,2914,2915],{"class":56},"NewRequestWithContext",[46,2917,2918],{"class":63},"(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, ",[46,2920,2921],{"class":785},"nil",[46,2923,88],{"class":63},[46,2925,2926,2928,2930,2932,2934],{"class":48,"line":285},[46,2927,1582],{"class":52},[46,2929,1585],{"class":63},[46,2931,1601],{"class":52},[46,2933,1604],{"class":785},[46,2935,64],{"class":63},[46,2937,2938,2941,2943,2946,2949,2951,2954,2957,2959],{"class":48,"line":298},[46,2939,2940],{"class":52},"        return",[46,2942,1604],{"class":785},[46,2944,2945],{"class":63},", fmt.",[46,2947,2948],{"class":56},"Errorf",[46,2950,73],{"class":63},[46,2952,2953],{"class":147},"\"create request: ",[46,2955,2956],{"class":785},"%w",[46,2958,789],{"class":147},[46,2960,2961],{"class":63},", err)\n",[46,2963,2964],{"class":48,"line":315},[46,2965,1632],{"class":63},[46,2967,2968,2971,2973,2975,2977,2979,2982,2985],{"class":48,"line":1044},[46,2969,2970],{"class":63},"    req.Header.",[46,2972,1141],{"class":56},[46,2974,73],{"class":63},[46,2976,975],{"class":147},[46,2978,79],{"class":63},[46,2980,2981],{"class":147},"\"Bearer \"",[46,2983,2984],{"class":52},"+",[46,2986,2987],{"class":63},"token)\n",[46,2989,2990],{"class":48,"line":1050},[46,2991,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,2993,2994,2997,2999,3002,3005],{"class":48,"line":1065},[46,2995,2996],{"class":63},"    resp, err ",[46,2998,291],{"class":52},[46,3000,3001],{"class":63}," client.",[46,3003,3004],{"class":56},"Do",[46,3006,3007],{"class":63},"(req)\n",[46,3009,3010,3012,3014,3016,3018],{"class":48,"line":1082},[46,3011,1582],{"class":52},[46,3013,1585],{"class":63},[46,3015,1601],{"class":52},[46,3017,1604],{"class":785},[46,3019,64],{"class":63},[46,3021,3022,3024,3026,3028,3030,3032,3035,3037,3039],{"class":48,"line":1567},[46,3023,2940],{"class":52},[46,3025,1604],{"class":785},[46,3027,2945],{"class":63},[46,3029,2948],{"class":56},[46,3031,73],{"class":63},[46,3033,3034],{"class":147},"\"do request: ",[46,3036,2956],{"class":785},[46,3038,789],{"class":147},[46,3040,2961],{"class":63},[46,3042,3043],{"class":48,"line":1579},[46,3044,1632],{"class":63},[46,3046,3047,3049,3052,3054],{"class":48,"line":1609},[46,3048,1025],{"class":52},[46,3050,3051],{"class":63}," resp.Body.",[46,3053,1031],{"class":56},[46,3055,523],{"class":63},[46,3057,3058],{"class":48,"line":1623},[46,3059,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,3061,3062,3064,3067,3069],{"class":48,"line":1629},[46,3063,1582],{"class":52},[46,3065,3066],{"class":63}," resp.StatusCode ",[46,3068,1601],{"class":52},[46,3070,3071],{"class":63}," http.StatusOK {\n",[46,3073,3074,3076,3078,3080,3082,3084,3087,3089,3091],{"class":48,"line":1635},[46,3075,2940],{"class":52},[46,3077,1604],{"class":785},[46,3079,2945],{"class":63},[46,3081,2948],{"class":56},[46,3083,73],{"class":63},[46,3085,3086],{"class":147},"\"unexpected status: ",[46,3088,2898],{"class":785},[46,3090,789],{"class":147},[46,3092,3093],{"class":63},", resp.StatusCode)\n",[46,3095,3096],{"class":48,"line":1640},[46,3097,1632],{"class":63},[46,3099,3100],{"class":48,"line":1659},[46,3101,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,3103,3104,3106,3109],{"class":48,"line":1672},[46,3105,1570],{"class":52},[46,3107,3108],{"class":63}," user ",[46,3110,3111],{"class":56},"User\n",[46,3113,3114,3116,3118,3120,3122,3124,3127,3129,3131,3133,3136,3138,3140],{"class":48,"line":1685},[46,3115,1582],{"class":52},[46,3117,1585],{"class":63},[46,3119,291],{"class":52},[46,3121,1318],{"class":63},[46,3123,1321],{"class":56},[46,3125,3126],{"class":63},"(resp.Body).",[46,3128,1347],{"class":56},[46,3130,73],{"class":63},[46,3132,1595],{"class":52},[46,3134,3135],{"class":63},"user); err ",[46,3137,1601],{"class":52},[46,3139,1604],{"class":785},[46,3141,64],{"class":63},[46,3143,3144,3146,3148,3150,3152,3154,3157,3159,3161],{"class":48,"line":1690},[46,3145,2940],{"class":52},[46,3147,1604],{"class":785},[46,3149,2945],{"class":63},[46,3151,2948],{"class":56},[46,3153,73],{"class":63},[46,3155,3156],{"class":147},"\"decode response: ",[46,3158,2956],{"class":785},[46,3160,789],{"class":147},[46,3162,2961],{"class":63},[46,3164,3165],{"class":48,"line":1695},[46,3166,1632],{"class":63},[46,3168,3169],{"class":48,"line":1700},[46,3170,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,3172,3173,3175,3177,3180],{"class":48,"line":1708},[46,3174,1341],{"class":52},[46,3176,1864],{"class":52},[46,3178,3179],{"class":63},"user, ",[46,3181,3182],{"class":785},"nil\n",[46,3184,3186],{"class":48,"line":3185},37,[46,3187,94],{"class":63},[26,3189],{},[29,3191,3193],{"id":3192},"graceful-shutdown","Graceful Shutdown",[15,3195,3196],{},"Production-сервер должен корректно завершаться: дождаться активных запросов и только потом остановиться. Иначе клиенты получат обрыв соединения:",[37,3198,3200],{"className":39,"code":3199,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"func main() {\n    mux := http.NewServeMux()\n    mux.HandleFunc(\"GET \u002Fhealth\", healthHandler)\n    \u002F\u002F ... другие маршруты\n\n    server := &http.Server{\n        Addr:         \":8080\",\n        Handler:      mux,\n        ReadTimeout:  5 * time.Second,  \u002F\u002F время на чтение запроса\n        WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second, \u002F\u002F время на запись ответа\n        IdleTimeout:  120 * time.Second,\u002F\u002F keep-alive соединения\n    }\n\n    \u002F\u002F Запускаем сервер в горутине\n    go func() {\n        log.Println(\"server started on :8080\")\n        if err := server.ListenAndServe(); err != http.ErrServerClosed {\n            log.Fatalf(\"server error: %v\", err)\n        }\n    }()\n\n    \u002F\u002F Ждём сигнала завершения (Ctrl+C или kill)\n    quit := make(chan os.Signal, 1)\n    signal.Notify(quit, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)\n    \u003C-quit\n\n    log.Println(\"shutting down server...\")\n\n    \u002F\u002F Даём 30 секунд на завершение активных запросов\n    ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)\n    defer cancel()\n\n    if err := server.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {\n        log.Fatalf(\"forced shutdown: %v\", err)\n    }\n\n    log.Println(\"server stopped\")\n}\n",[18,3201,3202,3210,3223,3238,3243,3247,3265,3274,3279,3295,3309,3325,3329,3333,3338,3347,3360,3381,3401,3405,3410,3414,3419,3449,3460,3468,3472,3486,3490,3495,3524,3533,3537,3559,3576,3580,3584,3597],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,3203,3204,3206,3208],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,3205,198],{"class":52},[46,3207,279],{"class":56},[46,3209,282],{"class":63},[46,3211,3212,3215,3217,3219,3221],{"class":48,"line":67},[46,3213,3214],{"class":63},"    mux ",[46,3216,291],{"class":52},[46,3218,517],{"class":63},[46,3220,520],{"class":56},[46,3222,523],{"class":63},[46,3224,3225,3228,3230,3232,3235],{"class":48,"line":91},[46,3226,3227],{"class":63},"    mux.",[46,3229,535],{"class":56},[46,3231,73],{"class":63},[46,3233,3234],{"class":147},"\"GET \u002Fhealth\"",[46,3236,3237],{"class":63},", healthHandler)\n",[46,3239,3240],{"class":48,"line":135},[46,3241,3242],{"class":117},"    \u002F\u002F ... другие маршруты\n",[46,3244,3245],{"class":48,"line":144},[46,3246,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,3248,3249,3252,3254,3256,3258,3260,3263],{"class":48,"line":157},[46,3250,3251],{"class":63},"    server ",[46,3253,291],{"class":52},[46,3255,1864],{"class":52},[46,3257,237],{"class":56},[46,3259,224],{"class":63},[46,3261,3262],{"class":56},"Server",[46,3264,2756],{"class":63},[46,3266,3267,3270,3272],{"class":48,"line":166},[46,3268,3269],{"class":63},"        Addr:         ",[46,3271,309],{"class":147},[46,3273,1923],{"class":63},[46,3275,3276],{"class":48,"line":171},[46,3277,3278],{"class":63},"        Handler:      mux,\n",[46,3280,3281,3284,3287,3289,3292],{"class":48,"line":176},[46,3282,3283],{"class":63},"        ReadTimeout:  ",[46,3285,3286],{"class":785},"5",[46,3288,234],{"class":52},[46,3290,3291],{"class":63}," time.Second,  ",[46,3293,3294],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F время на чтение запроса\n",[46,3296,3297,3300,3302,3304,3306],{"class":48,"line":190},[46,3298,3299],{"class":63},"        WriteTimeout: ",[46,3301,2764],{"class":785},[46,3303,234],{"class":52},[46,3305,2769],{"class":63},[46,3307,3308],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F время на запись ответа\n",[46,3310,3311,3314,3317,3319,3322],{"class":48,"line":195},[46,3312,3313],{"class":63},"        IdleTimeout:  ",[46,3315,3316],{"class":785},"120",[46,3318,234],{"class":52},[46,3320,3321],{"class":63}," time.Second,",[46,3323,3324],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F keep-alive соединения\n",[46,3326,3327],{"class":48,"line":247},[46,3328,1632],{"class":63},[46,3330,3331],{"class":48,"line":264},[46,3332,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,3334,3335],{"class":48,"line":269},[46,3336,3337],{"class":117},"    \u002F\u002F Запускаем сервер в горутине\n",[46,3339,3340,3343,3345],{"class":48,"line":274},[46,3341,3342],{"class":52},"    go",[46,3344,349],{"class":52},[46,3346,282],{"class":63},[46,3348,3349,3351,3353,3355,3358],{"class":48,"line":285},[46,3350,1896],{"class":63},[46,3352,857],{"class":56},[46,3354,73],{"class":63},[46,3356,3357],{"class":147},"\"server started on :8080\"",[46,3359,88],{"class":63},[46,3361,3362,3364,3366,3368,3371,3373,3376,3378],{"class":48,"line":298},[46,3363,2152],{"class":52},[46,3365,1585],{"class":63},[46,3367,291],{"class":52},[46,3369,3370],{"class":63}," server.",[46,3372,304],{"class":56},[46,3374,3375],{"class":63},"(); err ",[46,3377,1601],{"class":52},[46,3379,3380],{"class":63}," http.ErrServerClosed {\n",[46,3382,3383,3386,3389,3391,3394,3397,3399],{"class":48,"line":315},[46,3384,3385],{"class":63},"            log.",[46,3387,3388],{"class":56},"Fatalf",[46,3390,73],{"class":63},[46,3392,3393],{"class":147},"\"server error: ",[46,3395,3396],{"class":785},"%v",[46,3398,789],{"class":147},[46,3400,2961],{"class":63},[46,3402,3403],{"class":48,"line":1044},[46,3404,2189],{"class":63},[46,3406,3407],{"class":48,"line":1050},[46,3408,3409],{"class":63},"    }()\n",[46,3411,3412],{"class":48,"line":1065},[46,3413,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,3415,3416],{"class":48,"line":1082},[46,3417,3418],{"class":117},"    \u002F\u002F Ждём сигнала завершения (Ctrl+C или kill)\n",[46,3420,3421,3424,3426,3429,3431,3434,3437,3439,3442,3444,3447],{"class":48,"line":1567},[46,3422,3423],{"class":63},"    quit ",[46,3425,291],{"class":52},[46,3427,3428],{"class":56}," make",[46,3430,73],{"class":63},[46,3432,3433],{"class":52},"chan",[46,3435,3436],{"class":56}," os",[46,3438,224],{"class":63},[46,3440,3441],{"class":56},"Signal",[46,3443,79],{"class":63},[46,3445,3446],{"class":785},"1",[46,3448,88],{"class":63},[46,3450,3451,3454,3457],{"class":48,"line":1579},[46,3452,3453],{"class":63},"    signal.",[46,3455,3456],{"class":56},"Notify",[46,3458,3459],{"class":63},"(quit, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)\n",[46,3461,3462,3465],{"class":48,"line":1609},[46,3463,3464],{"class":52},"    \u003C-",[46,3466,3467],{"class":63},"quit\n",[46,3469,3470],{"class":48,"line":1623},[46,3471,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,3473,3474,3477,3479,3481,3484],{"class":48,"line":1629},[46,3475,3476],{"class":63},"    log.",[46,3478,857],{"class":56},[46,3480,73],{"class":63},[46,3482,3483],{"class":147},"\"shutting down server...\"",[46,3485,88],{"class":63},[46,3487,3488],{"class":48,"line":1635},[46,3489,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,3491,3492],{"class":48,"line":1640},[46,3493,3494],{"class":117},"    \u002F\u002F Даём 30 секунд на завершение активных запросов\n",[46,3496,3497,3500,3502,3504,3507,3510,3513,3516,3519,3521],{"class":48,"line":1659},[46,3498,3499],{"class":63},"    ctx, cancel ",[46,3501,291],{"class":52},[46,3503,2257],{"class":63},[46,3505,3506],{"class":56},"WithTimeout",[46,3508,3509],{"class":63},"(context.",[46,3511,3512],{"class":56},"Background",[46,3514,3515],{"class":63},"(), ",[46,3517,3518],{"class":785},"30",[46,3520,82],{"class":52},[46,3522,3523],{"class":63},"time.Second)\n",[46,3525,3526,3528,3531],{"class":48,"line":1672},[46,3527,1025],{"class":52},[46,3529,3530],{"class":56}," cancel",[46,3532,523],{"class":63},[46,3534,3535],{"class":48,"line":1685},[46,3536,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,3538,3539,3541,3543,3545,3547,3550,3553,3555,3557],{"class":48,"line":1690},[46,3540,1582],{"class":52},[46,3542,1585],{"class":63},[46,3544,291],{"class":52},[46,3546,3370],{"class":63},[46,3548,3549],{"class":56},"Shutdown",[46,3551,3552],{"class":63},"(ctx); err ",[46,3554,1601],{"class":52},[46,3556,1604],{"class":785},[46,3558,64],{"class":63},[46,3560,3561,3563,3565,3567,3570,3572,3574],{"class":48,"line":1695},[46,3562,1896],{"class":63},[46,3564,3388],{"class":56},[46,3566,73],{"class":63},[46,3568,3569],{"class":147},"\"forced shutdown: ",[46,3571,3396],{"class":785},[46,3573,789],{"class":147},[46,3575,2961],{"class":63},[46,3577,3578],{"class":48,"line":1700},[46,3579,1632],{"class":63},[46,3581,3582],{"class":48,"line":1708},[46,3583,132],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":131},[46,3585,3586,3588,3590,3592,3595],{"class":48,"line":3185},[46,3587,3476],{"class":63},[46,3589,857],{"class":56},[46,3591,73],{"class":63},[46,3593,3594],{"class":147},"\"server stopped\"",[46,3596,88],{"class":63},[46,3598,3600],{"class":48,"line":3599},38,[46,3601,94],{"class":63},[26,3603],{},[29,3605,3607],{"id":3606},"net-одним-абзацем","net — одним абзацем",[15,3609,3610,3612,3613,3616,3617,1726],{},[18,3611,20],{}," построен поверх пакета ",[18,3614,3615],{},"net",". Если нужно понять уровень абстракции — вот как выглядит TCP-сервер напрямую через ",[18,3618,3615],{},[37,3620,3622],{"className":39,"code":3621,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u002F\u002F Вот что делает net\u002Fhttp под капотом (упрощённо)\nlistener, err := net.Listen(\"tcp\", \":8080\")\nfor {\n    conn, err := listener.Accept() \u002F\u002F принимаем соединение\n    go handleConn(conn)            \u002F\u002F обрабатываем в горутине\n}\n",[18,3623,3624,3629,3653,3660,3678,3691],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,3625,3626],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,3627,3628],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F Вот что делает net\u002Fhttp под капотом (упрощённо)\n",[46,3630,3631,3634,3636,3639,3642,3644,3647,3649,3651],{"class":48,"line":67},[46,3632,3633],{"class":63},"listener, err ",[46,3635,291],{"class":52},[46,3637,3638],{"class":63}," net.",[46,3640,3641],{"class":56},"Listen",[46,3643,73],{"class":63},[46,3645,3646],{"class":147},"\"tcp\"",[46,3648,79],{"class":63},[46,3650,309],{"class":147},[46,3652,88],{"class":63},[46,3654,3655,3658],{"class":48,"line":91},[46,3656,3657],{"class":52},"for",[46,3659,64],{"class":63},[46,3661,3662,3665,3667,3670,3673,3675],{"class":48,"line":135},[46,3663,3664],{"class":63},"    conn, err ",[46,3666,291],{"class":52},[46,3668,3669],{"class":63}," listener.",[46,3671,3672],{"class":56},"Accept",[46,3674,1034],{"class":63},[46,3676,3677],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F принимаем соединение\n",[46,3679,3680,3682,3685,3688],{"class":48,"line":144},[46,3681,3342],{"class":52},[46,3683,3684],{"class":56}," handleConn",[46,3686,3687],{"class":63},"(conn)            ",[46,3689,3690],{"class":117},"\u002F\u002F обрабатываем в горутине\n",[46,3692,3693],{"class":48,"line":157},[46,3694,94],{"class":63},[15,3696,3697,3699,3700,3702],{},[18,3698,20],{}," добавляет поверх этого: парсинг HTTP-протокола, маршрутизацию, keep-alive соединения, TLS, и всё что мы разобрали выше. Напрямую с ",[18,3701,3615],{}," работают когда нужен кастомный протокол поверх TCP — это уже за пределами большинства backend-задач.",[26,3704],{},[29,3706,3708],{"id":3707},"вопросы-на-собеседовании","Вопросы на собеседовании",[15,3710,3711,3715,3718,3719,3722,3723,3725],{},[3712,3713,3714],"strong",{},"Q: Что такое http.Handler? Как реализовать свой?",[3716,3717],"br",{},"\nA: Интерфейс с одним методом ",[18,3720,3721],{},"ServeHTTP(ResponseWriter, *Request)",". Любой тип реализующий этот метод является HTTP-обработчиком. Удобная альтернатива — ",[18,3724,328],{},": адаптер превращающий обычную функцию в Handler через приведение типа.",[15,3727,3728,3731,3733,3734,3736,3737,3736,3739,3741,3742,3744],{},[3712,3729,3730],{},"Q: Какой порядок вызовов в ResponseWriter и почему он важен?",[3716,3732],{},"\nA: Сначала ",[18,3735,1236],{},", потом ",[18,3738,1240],{},[18,3740,1243],{},". После первого вызова ",[18,3743,1243],{}," заголовки и статус код уже отправлены клиенту — изменить их невозможно. Go выведет предупреждение в лог но не вернёт ошибку.",[15,3746,3747,3750,3752,3753,3756],{},[3712,3748,3749],{},"Q: Что такое middleware? Как реализовать цепочку?",[3716,3751],{},"\nA: Функция типа ",[18,3754,3755],{},"func(http.Handler) http.Handler"," — принимает обработчик и возвращает новый с дополнительным поведением. Цепочка строится последовательным оборачиванием: каждый middleware получает следующий как аргумент и вызывает его внутри своего ServeHTTP.",[15,3758,3759,3762,3764],{},[3712,3760,3761],{},"Q: Почему нельзя использовать http.DefaultClient в production?",[3716,3763],{},"\nA: У DefaultClient нет таймаутов — запрос к зависшему серверу будет висеть вечно, занимая горутину и соединение. В production всегда создают клиент с явными таймаутами и настроенным Transport.",[15,3766,3767,3770,3772,3773,3776],{},[3712,3768,3769],{},"Q: Что такое Graceful Shutdown и как реализовать?",[3716,3771],{},"\nA: Корректное завершение сервера: перестаём принимать новые соединения, ждём завершения активных запросов, потом останавливаемся. Реализуется через ",[18,3774,3775],{},"server.Shutdown(ctx)"," после получения OS-сигнала (SIGINT\u002FSIGTERM). Без этого активные запросы получат обрыв соединения.",[15,3778,3779,3782,3784,3785,3788,3789,3791,3792,3795],{},[3712,3780,3781],{},"Q: Что нового в маршрутизаторе Go 1.22?",[3716,3783],{},"\nA: Поддержка HTTP-методов в паттерне (",[18,3786,3787],{},"GET \u002Fusers","), path-параметры через фигурные скобки (",[18,3790,601],{},"), получение параметра через ",[18,3793,3794],{},"r.PathValue(\"id\")",". До 1.22 для этого требовались сторонние роутеры.",[15,3797,3798,3801,3803,3804,3807,3808,3811],{},[3712,3799,3800],{},"Q: Как передать данные из middleware в обработчик?",[3716,3802],{},"\nA: Через контекст запроса: ",[18,3805,3806],{},"r.WithContext(context.WithValue(r.Context(), key, value))",". Обработчик читает через ",[18,3809,3810],{},"r.Context().Value(key)",". Ключ должен быть собственного типа чтобы избежать коллизий.",[15,3813,3814,3817,3819,3820,3823,3824,3827],{},[3712,3815,3816],{},"Q: Зачем закрывать r.Body?",[3716,3818],{},"\nA: ",[18,3821,3822],{},"r.Body"," — это сетевое соединение. Если не закрыть — соединение не вернётся в пул keep-alive, накопятся утечки файловых дескрипторов. ",[18,3825,3826],{},"defer r.Body.Close()"," сразу после входа в обработчик — обязательное правило.",[26,3829],{},[15,3831,3832,3833,3836],{},"Следующая статья — ",[3712,3834,3835],{},"Gin и Echo",": почему фреймворки, чем отличаются, когда что выбирать. А потом итоговый проект — Todo API. Переходим?",[3838,3839,3840],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .snl16, html code.shiki .snl16{--shiki-default:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .svObZ, html code.shiki .svObZ{--shiki-default:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .s95oV, html code.shiki .s95oV{--shiki-default:#E1E4E8}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sAwPA, html code.shiki .sAwPA{--shiki-default:#6A737D}html pre.shiki code .sU2Wk, html code.shiki .sU2Wk{--shiki-default:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s9osk, html code.shiki .s9osk{--shiki-default:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sDLfK, html code.shiki .sDLfK{--shiki-default:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":67,"depth":67,"links":3842},[3843,3846,3849,3854,3860,3861,3862,3863],{"id":31,"depth":67,"text":32,"children":3844},[3845],{"id":321,"depth":91,"text":322},{"id":495,"depth":67,"text":496,"children":3847},[3848],{"id":594,"depth":91,"text":595},{"id":804,"depth":67,"text":805,"children":3850},[3851,3852,3853],{"id":808,"depth":91,"text":809},{"id":1087,"depth":91,"text":1088},{"id":1250,"depth":91,"text":1251},{"id":1715,"depth":67,"text":1716,"children":3855},[3856,3857,3858,3859],{"id":1760,"depth":91,"text":1761},{"id":2061,"depth":91,"text":2062},{"id":2293,"depth":91,"text":2294},{"id":2486,"depth":91,"text":2487},{"id":2716,"depth":67,"text":2717},{"id":3192,"depth":67,"text":3193},{"id":3606,"depth":67,"text":3607},{"id":3707,"depth":67,"text":3708},"net\u002Fhttp — один из лучших примеров того, как стандартная библиотека Go закрывает большинство потребностей без внешних зависимостей. На нём построены тысячи production-сервисов, а популярные фреймворки вроде Gin и Echo — это просто тонкие обёртки поверх него. Понять net\u002Fhttp изнутри значит понять как работает любой Go веб-фреймворк.","intermediate","md",{},"web","echo","\u002F05-web\u002F01-http","oop",{"title":5,"description":3864},"05-web\u002F01-http\u002Findex",[237,20,1722,3875,1715,3876],"ServeMux","собеседование","gE4GY4Teg6a-NvLtfbTNBN5nGIW0pLZzdKMJvdYtkKw",1775929101603]